Make Sure You Have A Good Flange
Standard flanges of large diameter is not necessarily mate. Andrew Sloley offers a look at Plant Insites column this month.
The system was adding a three-stage vacuum ejector for steam. We would like to discuss with us from time to time by representatives of local suppliers to ensure that the instruction schedule. Everything was expected, as stated in all devices of the system in the near future to supply export and transit to the factory to complete.
Shortly before the ship date, EPR has asked me to ask me for lunch and it was unusual for him. Apparently he wanted something, but I do not know what. My boss told me, less cynical and simply enjoy a good meal. The breakfast was wonderful and went well.
Then, the EPR has gradually come to see me with a statement about a small problem with the equipment of the vacuum system. The purpose of this meal was finally free in nature.
The steam system were three stages of capacitors after each step. Capacitor reduce the load for the next phase of the condensation of the steam engine, steam from the process and the process may be condensed. The first stage is designed with ejector directly related to the first capacitor. Three parallel lines are combined into a single seal drum (also called).
We wanted at least one complete set of soaring in the shop of the seller prior to shipment. This required manufacturers to take delivery of heat and do the installation. The soaring preferred suppliers for each component suppliers to deliver directly to our site. However, she said: Just humor us for at least one laboratory in the file. In the end, we have concluded an agreement to take a train track.
The problem occurred at the meeting. The 30-in. Flange output capacitor of the first phase of mate with 30-in. Intake flange of the condenser. Have been ordered Rush to take the respective flanges and repairs.
The incident took place well before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was launched in 1980, official efforts to develop a single flange for pipe diameters 26 inches and above. Until then, two different models of the flange were common: the standardization of civil manufacturers (MSS) sector of the valve, and the American Petroleum Institute (API).
The MSS-44-Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges radically different from the API-605 standard for large diameter steel flanges carbon.
Figure 1 contrasts with the size and layout key for the category 150 of sealing films. Obviously inappropriate. The manufacturer of ejection had used a type of flange and heat had another supplier may be used.
ASME was looking for a single design of the nominal diameter of the tube, 26 inches. 48-in. Brides. Let MSS or API, or both, should be changed to create the model. Neither move would be. So far we have ASME / ANSI standard has two parts. ASME B16.47 Series A offers a the amount of MSS flanges and a series of B corresponding to the flanges API. For class 150 and class 300 (all sizes) and 36-inch and smaller classes, higher than Class 300 Series A and Series B flanges are not compatible.
Thus, while our problem is occurring before the ASME was a single standard does not eliminate the problem. Isolated mismatches continue to provide accurate information, lack of awareness of the Series A or B. Only a few engineers that two possible types of large-diameter flanges are available. If you have a large flange diameter, check what you need to make sure that what you get.
Posted at 10:13AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Process Puzzler: Soothe A Skittish Supervisor
THIS MONTHS PUZZLER
We use a carbon-steel spiral-tube heat exchanger as a condenser in our spray tower. Operating conditions normally are 100 psig at about 150°F. Treated chilled water at 45°F runs in the tube side. The shell side handles metal chlorides, e.g., FeCl2, VCl4 and TiCl4. These chlorides condense to form liquids and evaporate to form gases Stainless steel pipe. Severe corrosion from chlorine and erosion was the reason why the spiral heat exchanger was chosen over a shell- and-tube one. The chlorine is usually dry but, occasionally, spikes of water upstream of the exchangers cause corrosion. One of our engineers is pushing the idea of cladding Type 304L stainless steel with a high nickel alloy. Coupon tests suggest this will improve service life. One concern is how bending the tube will affect cladding. How can we assure our nervous operations manager that this cladding will work? Do you have any other ideas? Keep in mind replacing the heat exchangers with another style will require a major change in piping around the units.
REPLACE THE EXCHANGER
Try looking at a hybrid heat exchanger that incorporates the strengths of both plate-and-frame and shell-and-tube exchangers without their weaknesses. It is a good compromise between cost and performance. My experience is only as a happy customer of an exchanger manufactured in France. Its design tends to provide the best lifecycle cost choice for our circumstances.
LOOK AT TANTALUM LINING
I think that you have not considered all of the options available. Cladding is a risky option. Maybe replacing the tubing with duplex steel would be a better option. Another idea would be to seek a consultant. There is a manufacturer in Germany that makes tantalined equipment for the fabrication of spiral exchangers with lined carbon steel pipe. This last item might be your best choice.
WATCH THERMAL EXPANSION
We have used nickel-plated copper seamless pipe tubing for similar heat-transfer applications. The plating can be applied after the tubing is bent, but youll need to be careful about the amount of expansion you get from temperature variation.
CONDUCT THOROUGH TESTING
Some years ago an engineer at our plant in Grimsby, U.K., looked at tantalum cladding for our chlorinators. These are large brick-lined reactors. Inside, chlorine comes in contact with carbon monoxide from burning coke; the chlorine reacts with ore to chlorinate it, producing titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4. Trace water and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in recycled chlorine is a continual problem. Unfortunately, the brick and carbon steel shell of the chlorinators is quickly attacked at the moisture penetration zone where the water and HCl condense. These chlorinators are water-cooled by falling-film heat transfer, making it difficult to detect a breakthrough of the shell. Such a breakthrough posed a significant environmental risk.
The engineer thought tantalum, the only material not susceptible to attack by wet chlorides, would work. He was looking into coupons to test in the next chlorinator turnaround. These coupons included welds and other features.
With the heat exchangers, the combination of welds and bends offer a challenge for coupons. I suggest installing a coupon that includes welds and a distressed plate, not unlike the forming process for an elbow. Test in a large vessel, if possible, to avoid affecting the chlorination process. If the coupon survives, your cladding idea may succeed. The next test involves checking the manufacturing process. A very good test for identifying cracks in metal tubes is an acid dye-penetration test. Its a destructive test that will reveal voids in the interstitial areas between crystals in nickel alloys and similar metals that ultrasonic means wont identify. Use this method to validate the manufacturing process.
It would be really easy to grow shy about this application. When we considered cladding of our heating coils, which operated at about 1,000°C, we opted out. We felt that it was too risky and chose to go with high nickel alloy coils instead.
MARCHS PUZZLER
Management wants to boost production from our batch polymer process by changing the operating procedure. Now, a portion of the acrylic monomer goes in with the bulk of the solvent and other ingredients. Then, monomer is slowly added until the reactor level rises to about 55%. Instead, management wants to increase the maximum level to about 65% and raise the final concentration of the polymer about 2%. The reaction is very exothermic; a chilled-water baffled jacket provides cooling Stainless steel. At the top of the reactor a horizontal shell-and-tube condenser that uses cooling tower water captures evaporated solvent. Agitation consists of a single axial impeller and the tank has reduced baffles to account for viscosity above 5,000 cP. To meet the production goal, its been proposed that we add all of the monomer at once; bench-scale tests have shown that this could work but our current approach seems safer. Management likes the plan and wants to put into practice immediately. Our production engineer is a little nervous should he be concerned? How should we approach this problem? Are any process changes necessary? What do you think?
And, of course, if you have a process problem youd like to pose to our readers, send it along and well be pleased to consider it for publication.
Posted at 10:12AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
R4 Ds Complete Guide
Set up the R4 so that it works on your ds.
Required Materials
R4DS package
A computer (Mac or Pc doesnt really matter)
A micro SD
DS or DS lite
Part 1: Setting up Your R4DS
Put the micro SD into the USB-micro SD adapter and plug it into your computer. Then you download the required stuff from the R4DS website (it use to be on a cd but now its on the website) You can make all the new file hidden so it you dont see it in your DS After that you can either download a starter pack which will have most of the stuff you need or you can just find everything yourself. If you dont download a starter pack the first thing you should do is to make 3 folder in the r4ds name them Games Multimedia and homebrew. In the Multimedia folder you should make 3 folders music videos and pictures. That is about it for set-up.
Part 2: Putting Stuff onto Your R4
You can look for themes and download them from the Internet. After you do that you just replace the theme that is already in the computer. For music you just put the mp3 into your folder and it will work. For videos you have to download a program called Super and change the video format to dpg. Then you just put it in the R4 Cards and it should work. Games I would use homebrews because its legal unless you already have the game and you just want a backup in case you break the game.
Part 3: Turning on the R4
Place it in the DS and turn it on. If the DS doesnt recognize the R4 there could be 2 problems. It could be you got a fake copy or most likely that the receptors on the R4 are not touching the receptor in the DS. To solve the problem you could just insert a piece of paper with your DS so that the receptors touch or you could take apart the R4 with a tiny screw and add a piece of paper between the chip and the plastic. When you open the R4 you will see a screen with 3 figures Games Multimedia and slot 2 (which is the GBA slot). When you click on Games it will allow you to play games. If you click on the multimedia circle then you can listen to music or watch video.
Recommended Stuff to Put on Your R4
Bible.nds Great program if youre a Christian
DSReader Read book and faqs for you games
IpodDS Looks cool and plays music
Comicbook R4 DS Great if you read comics
Svsip Great to prank call people or just to call people
These are what I mainly use however there are many more all you got to do is look around.
Posted at 10:12AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
