Guide To Flange Effect And It's Parameters
Flange is commonly known as the ''jet plane effect'' to the masses, and it's sound has been a popular staple since the 60s. It can be used on any instrument imaginable, from vocals to guitar to drums.
Flange at it's core is simply a delay effect with the delay parameter set at a very small amount. With today's technology, producing this sound manually is easy as pie.
The customization features on modern flanging units is unparalleled. Dialing in a signature flange style has never been so easy, but it's important to understand the functions of each parameter and why it works the way it does.
The common delay setting to achieve flange with a delay unit are 20 milliseconds and under. Instead of hearing the actual signal being delayed, they will blend together to make a ''jet plane effect'' sound. The reason this happens is when two identical signals overlap each other, some frequencies are ''canceled out''.
Let's go over the parameters that are usually on flanging units.
Parameter One - Delay : This parameter changes the time it takes for the second signal to play after the original. Most times the highest setting will not be more than 20 milliseconds, as mentioned above. In some cases, the delay setting can be to to a negative value to create interesting ambient effects as well.
Parameter Two - Depth : This parameter functions as the control for the ''warble'' of the flange effect. That is, the severity of the changes in pitch.
Parameter Three - Width : This parameter is somewhat similar to Depth, but has a noticeable difference to the ear. It controls the speed at which the peaks and valleys of the flange are reached.
Parameter Four - Rate : This parameter controls the rate at which the warbles repeat themselves. The faster the speed, the faster your audio signal will go through the complete flange process.
Parameter Five - LFO : This parameter isn't on older flange units but is found on more recent software flanges. They enable you to alter the output of the wave in accordance to the flange. The four possible settings are sine, square, saw, and triangle.
Parameter Six - Feedback : Now we're talking. Feedback loops the output signal back into the input, creating a possibly infinite amount of noise. This results in many strange effects, especially in higher settings. If you're using headphones, be sure to keep the volume low before you experiment with this parameter.
This concludes the guide to flange. As always, experiment and use your ear!
Posted at 10:05AM Feb 23, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Stainless Steel Fabricator
Stainless steel fabrication refers to the shaping and bending techniques of stainless sheet metal processing. Stainless steel can be given all different types of sections and complex hollow shapes. The equipment which is used for these processes can range from sophisticated power tools to simple hand held tools.
When starting out on a stainless fabrication job, it generally begins with a preliminary action such as perforating, slitting or cutting, with tools that perform some type of shearing action. These may be power operated machines such as bench shears for heavy gauge material, or simple hand held scissor like cutting tools for thin lightweight stainless steel materials.
There are different types of power driven shearing machines, and these machines will comprise of a moveable blade and a fixed blade.
Punching is another process carried out by the use of a punching machine and it is used to punch or pierce a hole in the metal workpiece.
Shaping is a sheet metal process, and a wide range of shaping operations known as bending or folding are done on presses. Other operations carried out on presses can include;
o Crimping and beading
o Grooving and seaming
o Stamping
Most of these processes are used to stiffen and shape the stainless steel pipe sheet, and these machines may also be used for creating tubular and circular shapes and other numerous purposes. Sections and angles may be formed by folding or bending.
Coiling is another process used to produce a coiled edge on a sheet metal component. Coiling helps to provide a suitable edge and increase the strength of the article. Cylindrical and other circular or curved shapes such as tubes are produced on a roll-forming machine.
There are many different techniques used in the fabrication of stainless steel and other sheet metal processes, and some of these are:
o Embossing
o Cupping
o Deep Drawing
o Marforming
o Spinning
o Flow forming
o Milling & Turning
Most of these techniques and processes are now produced with the aid of computer controlled machinery due to the rapid advance in todays technology. Most of the above processes can be easily carried out on many different types of metal such as mild Stainless steel and aluminium etc.
Posted at 10:05AM Feb 23, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
R4 Cards - Perfect For Nintendo Ds Lite Gaming Consoles
The R4 card for Nintendo DS Lite has again stolen the limelight, as far as USB gaming cards for the Nintendo gaming consoles are concerned. It's proved to be way better than most other cards in its category like the DS-Extreme and NinjaDS.
If you are a proud owner of the Nintendo DS Lite, do check out the R4 collection of gaming cards before settling down for just another gaming, flash memory card.
An Original DS Lite R4
One of the best cards from the arsenal of Revolution gaming Cartridges, the R4DS is the best Nintendo gaming cartridge available on the planet. It's a blank cartridge and is compatible with other Nintendo gaming consoles as well such as the original Nintendo DS as well as the Nintendo Dsi.
Hardware Details
This gaming cartridge can make use of any micro SD flash memory card and is capable of supporting cards with memory capacities for up to 4 Gigabytes, though we would recommend you to use the 2Gigabyte version for an optimum gaming experience. Make use of the 4 Gigabyte card if you are planning to use the card for other purposes like storing music, movies or other software applications.
Software Details
Before we go any further, we would recommend you to buy the card from a trusted source, both online as well as online.
The card software will be provided along with the R4 card on a CD. Install it over your computer, connect your Nintendo with your DS Lite R4 and transfer the files to the card. Once you've successfully transferred the files, put the card in is cartridge and push it inside the gaming console. You are ready to play!
For a software update, visit the R4 home page.
Graphical User Interface
While we were researching for the best gaming cards for Nintendo, we found that the R4 comes with the best user interface of all. It is simple and extremely easy to understand. The NinjaDS and the DS-Extreme don't even come close to what the R4DS has to offer.
Things you should know about the DS Lite R4
The R4DS went out of stock in December 2008 as the company stopped production. Since then, a number of R4 replicas have come up the market (The Chinese can replicate almost anything you give to them!). We recommend you steer clear of such replicas.
Along with these, a number of branded clones have also come up. These support micro SD cards with capacities of up to 32 GB as well as Micro SDHC but can, in no way, compete with the R4DS when it comes to hardware and user-friendliness.
Go online and make a search for gaming r4 cards for Nintendo DS Lite! We know you'll make a wise choice!
Posted at 10:04AM Feb 23, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
Line Six Liqua Flange Pedal For Guitar
Flange is a weird effect. It is not always fitting for a lot of music. I think a lot of guitar players have trouble trying to determine where the effects best fits in with their sound. Instead of the direct punch and obviousness of other effects, flange is an overlay that tampers with the frequencies surrounding your signal.
On really loud, humming amplifiers, you can actually hear the flange effect from a lot of pedals. It will waver up and down and up and down through the buzz that the amp is making. It is a very powerful effect. It may take some getting used to. If you have a good enough device and a decent understanding of how it can be used, I think it can be one of the best pedals out there. A few bands have actually mastered the art of using it constantly.
These bands generally sound dreamy and ambient all the time. The flange pedal, without being overbearing, really creates the dimension that makes a lot of these bands sound memorable. If you have ever heard of Slowdive, My Bloody Valentine, or School of Seven Bells, you will hear (the slower songs especially) huge waves of flange over everything from guitar to bass to cymbals. You have to find the right device to have on board with you. Once you figure out the sound you are going for, you're golden.
The Line 6 Liqua Flange is one of the best units I have come across. It has controls for Speed, Depth, Feedback, Time and Mode Selector. The Mode actually lets you sift through 11 different wave formations to find which one suits you most perfectly. There is a Model switch that lets you choose either Digital, Liquid, or Analog.
With ease of use, affordability, and premium sound quality, it is a wonder to me that I do not see more of these on stages across America.
There is also another switch for polarity with negative and positive options. One cool thing about this Line 6 model that a lot of others do not include is tap temp. If you need the wavering of your flange to be in perfect time, fear not. You now have a classy, hands free way to keep it all in line.
Posted at 09:52AM Feb 22, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Stainless Steel Refrigerators
One of the most commonly Stainless steel remodeled and refurnished rooms in most homes these days is undoubtedly the kitchen. This is because it's a great way to increase the amount of the productivity and space that one may need to, or desire to, achieve while adding a very modern and stylishly sleek look to the house.
It is definitely a room that is meant to remain unique to the rest of the house. For this reason, as well as many others, a increasingly popular look is that of stainless steel. While this rings true for most kitchen appliances, it is especially true of the refrigerator.
Stainless appliances are taking over more and more kitchens everyday. However, while many individuals are investing in a variety of stainless products that include the oven, microwave, or dishwasher, there is no question that the monstrous refrigerator is the most common and immediate investment to be turned stainless by many.
The fact that they are so massive and have the potential to be such an eyesore plays a rather large role in the growth in popularity of stainless steel pipe. It's the first thing that anyone will see walking into a kitchen, making it the most important appliance to have looking sleek and stylish.
Part of what makes these refrigerators so popular is the clean look that they provide. After all it's all in the name: stainless steel. They make for a very elegant and clean look that is remarkably easy to maintain, which in turn makes keeping the kitchen tidy a much easier task. With a kitchen that is armed with one of these appliances, an individual will never have to worry about fingerprints, smudges, or even smears again.
Let's be honest, when it comes down to it, a kitchen appliance needs more than style. While having an inviting and well furnished kitchen is something to be proud of, without practicality it's all for nothing. Many of these fridges have great features to go along with the elegant style.
For example they may have a plethora of interior and exterior features including, temperature adjustment for the fridge as well as deli drawers, humidity adjustment for drawers, a freezer and ice and water machine, and even child locks.
There's no doubt that these refrigerators are quickly becoming the staple for the modern kitchen. For low prices on high quality seamless pipe, try shopping at your local appliance store.
Posted at 09:52AM Feb 22, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
The Market Of The R4 Card And Correlative R4 Products
The R4 card has many capabilities including being able to play the classic super Nintendo games on the Nintendo DS. This guide will provide directions as to how to download an SNES emulator and games.
The most of the buyers are socially driven for having r4 card from the market. Most of the buyers of r4 card follows the social concepts of others. But consumption of r4 card through social-concepts are creating confusions among buyers of the world. Actually the thought delivered making social-concepts of the users are not based on any type of authentication. Basically its a tool driving thoughts in the minds of buyers for having r4 card. Today buyers influenced by social concepts are not going to buy r4 card due to lack of trust.
It is high time that such buyers of r4 card should take guidance of an expert. These r4 card is an advanced form of r4 cards in the market. Such cards are known for good storage capacity in the market. Such storage capacity is required by many devices for operating in the softwares. Now buyers are becoming educated about r4 card in the market. These buyers are not blindly following the social-concepts spread about r4 card in the market. The market of R4 card has gone down due to social factors.
Today many online shops are indulge in teaching buyers for having the best of r4 card. Consumers can reduce the level of social factors effecting the market of r4 card through various meaned sources. Consumers should try to know more about r4 card with the help of various sources.
After wards plan for having r4 card instead of following blindly social concepts prevailed in the market. Several online shops are too indulge in the marketing of r4 card. Consumers can discuss with online retailers about r4 card in order to avoid the chances of social concepts effecting the market.
Import the micro SD r4 cards to the computer once again, and open up its root directory to the SNES file. Transfer the ROM with the .smc extension over to the SNES folder. Now it's time to test the ROM out on the DS. Just as done before, click into the game section on the DS screen. Enter the SNES emulator then you will see game on the screen. Tap on the game using your stylus, or press the "a" button to activate it then the game will begin.
Posted at 09:52AM Feb 22, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
Flange's Definition
A flange is an external or internal rib, or rim (lip), for strength, as the flange of an iron beam or I-beam (or a T-beam); or for a guide, as the flange of a train wheel; or for attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc, or on the lens mount of a camera. Thus a flanged rail is a rail with a flange on one side to keep wheels, etc., from running off. The term "flange" is also used for a kind of tool used to form flanges. By using flanges, pipes can be assembled or disassembled very easily.
Plumbing or Piping
Although flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a fitting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as 'flanges':
Surrey FlangeCommon flanges used in plumbing are the Surrey flange or Danzey flange, York flange, Sussex flange and Essex flange. Surrey and York flanges fit to the top of the hot water tank allowing all the water to be taken without disturbance to the tank. They are often used to ensure an even flow of water to showers. An Essex flange requires a hole to be drilled in the side of the tank.
There is also a Warix flange which is the same as a York flange but the shower output is on the top of the flange and the vent on the side. The York and Warix flange have female adapters so that they fit onto a male tank, whereas the Surrey flange connects to a female tank.
A closet flange provides the mount for a toilet.
Pipe flanges
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy functionality and inter-changeability, these are designed to have standardised dimensions. Common world standards include ASA/ANSI (USA), PN/DIN (European), BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean).
ANSI designations such as ANSI 150, ANSI 300 and so on are often followed by a # (hash symbol). The ANSI number does not directly relate to a pressure rating, but to a class of flange. For example, the hash (#) or 'pound' reference; e.g. 300 pound, can be misleading in that an ANSI 300 flange is actually rated for a test pressure of 740 psi (~5100 kPa), and only within a certain working temperature range (-20 to 100 deg F.)
In most cases these are not interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI flange will not mate against a JIS flange). Further many of the flanges in each standard are divided into "pressure classes", allowing flanges to be capable of taking different pressure ratings. Again these are not generally interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI 150 will not mate with an ANSI 300). These "pressure classes" also have differing pressure and temperature ratings for different materials. "Pressure Classes" of piping are usually developed for a process plant or power generating station; these "pressure classes" may be unique to the specific corporation, Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor, or the process plant owner.
The flange faces are made to standardized dimensions and are typically "flat face", "raised face", "tongue and groove", or "ring joint" styles, although other obscure styles are possible.
Flange designs are available as "welding neck", "slip-on", "boss", "lap joint", "socket weld", "threaded", and also "blind".
ASME standards (U.S.)
Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47 are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. B16.5 refers to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from 1/2 to 24. B16.47 covers NPSs from 26 to 60. Each specification further delineates flanges into classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5. B16.47 delineates its flanges into classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900.
The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); however, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 - Appendix 2). These flanges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME B31.3 Process Piping.
Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications) , SA-266 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components) or SA-182 (Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many "industry standard" flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.
Other countries
Flanges in other countries also are manufactured according to the standards for materials, pressure ratings, etc. Such standards include DIN, and/or ISO standards.
Posted at 09:31AM Feb 21, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Bearings Fit For Cuisine
Bearings play an essential role in food processing from bakeries to seafood canneries to bottling plants. Like any component in a high-speed, high-volume production line, their unexpected failure or unscheduled maintenance can be devastating. To reduce the risks and avoid painful consequences, engineers must observe housing and insert materials as well as the type of Stainless steel pipe bearing itself. What follows is a review of these important factors and practical advice for times when bearings are in contact with food.
In the house
When specifying bearings, designers must often choose housing and insert materials. Common housings include thermoplastic composites, nickel-plated cast iron, stainless steel, and polymers. In most cases, the application environment daily exposure to high-pressure washdowns, humidity, caustics, and antibacterial solutions dictates which housing material to use.
Sometimes, for example, acids, cooking fats, and other chemicals used in food and beverage processing may come into contact with the bearings. This can be avoided by employing composite or thermoplastic-housed units. Another option is cast stainless steel (usually made of AISI 300), which withstands strong chlorine and hydrogen peroxide concentrations.
Other materials such as high-strength, cast iron work best for red meat, pork, and poultry processing. Nickel-plated, cast-iron housings, on the other hand, are easier to clean and rid of debris and bacteria because of their smooth surface finish and solid-base mountings. The most common plating CNC (copper, nickel, chrome) durably resists corrosion and appears bright and shiny. Proper CNC sanitation prevents E. coli, salmonella, and staphylococcus aureus growth. Many of today's bearing housings also contain antimicrobial coatings to further thwart bacterial and fungal growth.
In addition, polymer housing offers excellent corrosion resistance, a chip-free exterior (as opposed to plated housings), and economical prices compared to stainless steel. But unlike stainless steel, polymer materials do not provide equal load strength.
Insert here
Bearing inserts are made variously from stainless steel, thin dense chrome (TDC), and zinc. Stainless-steel inserts although expensive are regularly found in the food industry as they offer high-corrosion resistance. Generally, their outer and inner rings and balls consist of AISI 440C stainless steel. TDC coatings offer an alternative to this as they resist corrosion up to 15 times more than normal 52100 bearing-quality steel and provide greater surface hardness.
Zinc-coated inserts also guard against corrosion, come in most sizes, and cost less than stainless steel and TDC. However, plane bearings are needed during severe operating conditions where rolling-element inserts are not allowed. They usually install into any mounted housing that accepts rolling-element bearings. In addition, polymer and seamless pipe combinations comply with requirements for a bushing-type design.
Lube stop
Normally, an FDA/USDA-approved grease (classified as H1 for incidental food contact) lubricates food-grade bearings. H1 lubricants are odor-free, tasteless, washout resistant, and harm-free to food. Whenever possible, bearings should be relubricated to replenish the old grease supply and purge contamination.
When relubrication is not possible, however, polymer-solid lubricants can be employed. During bearing operation, they release a small amount of oil to coat rolling elements and raceways, resist washout, and reach hard-to-maintain areas. On the downside, they handle speed and environmental limitations poorly.
Daily specials
Over the last 10 years, many special bearings (both mounted and unmounted) were created to improve food processing. Concerns influencing these designs include:
Wet environments due to water and equipment washdown
Harsh chemicals sanitation and cleaning requirements
Excessive heat baking and frying
Excessive cold freezer applications
In any of these environments, bearings must be shielded from corrosion. This is achieved through corrosion-resistant platings, coatings on metal surfaces, or materials that inherently offer corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel or polymers. Stainless steel offers the best corrosion resistance in the aforementioned environments and is therefore preferred in meat-processing plants for equipment and bearings.
Plated bearings, on the other hand, best suit wet areas with limited chemical washdown. Their lubricants must be USDA-approved food grade (H1 or H2) only. Many high-end, food-grade greases lubricate as effectively as conventional petroleum greases and contain additional qualities such as low-temperature operation and washout resistance.
Basic styles
Mounted bearings typically come in three basic housing-material combinations: plated or coated cast iron; polymers or composites; and stamped, cast, or machined stainless steel. Insert bearings are available in several corrosion-resistant platings or coatings: Zinc chromates, TDC, and black-oxide coatings are most prevalent.
Unmounted bearings are made of stainless steel and other highly corrosion-resistant materials such as high nitrogen corrosion-resistant steel (HNCR). HNCR resists corrosion better than any stainless steel while maintaining a material hardness similar to average bearing steel. HNCR materials therefore eliminate the capacity reduction inherent in stainless-steel bearings.
High-temperature bearings generally incorporate a graphite separator that lubricates bearings at temperatures above 600° F something conventional lubricants such as grease and oil cannot do effectively. These mounted bearings increase life and lower maintenance costs in difficult baking, frying, and drying applications.
Plane bearings consist of a bushing-type design where two surfaces mate to each other without a ball or roller. They are available in several housing styles and bearing-material combinations for lubricant-free operation (sometimes required for sanitation) and easy cleaning. Unlike conventional ball bearings, they can be completely disassembled, cleaned, and reinstalled for safe use in and above the product zone where conventional rolling-element bearings are unapproved. However, this style limits both speed and load compared to conventional ball bearings. Plane bearings are made of stainless steel or polymers for various operating requirements and temperature ranges.
Other options
Seals are one of the more common options used with bearings. They are intended to keep lubricants in and contaminants out and are an important consideration in food-processing applications. They vary from conventional single-lip rubber types to double-lip designs and are often coupled with metal fingers fitted outboard for added protection. For high-temperature applications, various silicone materials are available and advised.
End closures added to housed units further protect the inserts, prolong bearing life, and act as safety measures against rotating parts. There are open-type units, which allow shafts to extend through and closed types for stub shafts. Most often, covers are made from either stainless steel or composites.
Other options for a complete food-grade bearing assembly include stainless steel or nylon cages, Stainless steel setscrews, stainless steel or corrosion-resistant coated fingers, corrosion-resistant collars, and Stainless steel grease fittings. Survivability is key for the bearing, as well as the load.
Posted at 09:30AM Feb 21, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
Different Opinions Of R4 Card
Today the market of r4 card is increasing due to its good storage capacities. The advanced r4 card is coming up with embedded technologies in the market. It is important that the users should know about the modern aspects of r4 card.
The r4 card is famous for its unique features and specifications in the market. Today r4 card is well known for its complete backup of nintendo ds games . Many companies are involved in the production of r4 card in many parts of the world. The knowledge of varied aspects of r4 card helps the users toknow about its applicability.
Most of the buyers are taking help of past records of such companies who are constantly delivering r4 card in the market. Every company has their own policies for producing type of r4 card in the market. It depends on the user which type of card required by them to have r4 card for usage. Mostly buyers like to have r4 card for playing games, music, videos, mp3players, and more. The r4 card are coming up in varied ranges of storage capacity int he market.
Several brands are indulge inthe marketing of r4 card worldwide. Consumers can check the past record of brands who are continuously producing r4 c ard in the market. Many buyers are opting r4 card due to its unique performance. Several webshops are indulge in the marketing of r4 card in the world. Many buyers are preferring webshops for homebooking of r4 cards required for their devices.
The r4 card packaging include accessories like xR4 Card, 1 x MicroSD card reader and 1 x protective card case , and more. Several versions of r4 card has been coming up as per the demands of the buyers.If buyers are wide open and have good information about varied aspects of r4 card then can escape cases of cheating very nicely in the market.
Today the market of r4 card is increasing due to its good storage capacities. The advanced r4 card is coming up with embedded technologies in the market. It is important that the users should know about the modern aspects of r4 card. The r4 card is famous for its unique features and specifications in the market.
Today R4 card is well known for its complete backup of nintendo ds games . Many companies are involved in the production of r4 card in many parts of the world. The knowledge of varied aspects of r4 card helps the users toknow about its applicability.
Posted at 09:30AM Feb 21, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
How to Move Massive Structures Using Hydraulics
Moving massive structures, in the hundreds or thousands of tons range, special flange methods need to be employed. Specially designed and built hydraulic systems are capable of achieving some amazing results using three techniques, each suitable for different applications. Which to use, depends on a number of factors, but is best illustrated by examining some applications and how those problems were solved.
When offshore drilling rig jackets are built, theyre often built on their sides and then dragged onto a barge for transport out to sea where they are positioned, shoved off the barge to float, then gradually flooded as theyre tugged into position to settle on their pre-cast sub sea bases. Skidding a huge structure up to 25,000 tons to load it on a barge required the use of re-positionable hydraulic jacks. Most often the structure is just dragged along a row of wide flange steel I-beams.
The hydraulic jacks are positioned by either a latching mechanism engaging a hole in the beam of a gripper mechanism that uses hydraulic pressure to clamp on the beam flanges. One or more jacks can then exert their massive push forces on the structure to move it ahead some distance, usually on the order of 4 feet (1 meter.) Once the jacks are fully extended, the gripper disengages or the advancing load relaxed in the case of a latch, so that the jack can then retract and draw the gripper or latch ahead to re-position itself for another push. This inchworm sequence: clamp, push, unclamp, advance is repeated until the structure is moved the desired distance.
The same method, using wide flanged beams as skidding surface, is used to move drill towers about on offshore drilling rigs. In shipyards where ships are built in sections, this method can be used to marry sections together, accurately positioning them to be welded together.
An interesting variation on this technique is used on structures that require many movements, such as the Denver Mile High Stadium east stands. A 16 story tall, 5000 ton section was moved back and forth 165 feet to reposition the section to account for the different sizes and shapes of baseball and football fields. In this case the grippers and jacks were permanently attached to mounts in the ground,, while the wide flange jacking beams were attached to the moving structure. The entire structure was floated on water bearings to reduce the friction and allow it to be moved with minimal effort. This was so successful that a restriction on wind speed had to be imposed to prevent the structure from blowing away when floated on the film of water.
Another technique for moving massive loads has been applied in shipyards to move up to 12,000 ton ships about in the yard. A wheeled train with hydraulic jacks is rolled under the blocked up ship, and the ship lifted using the on-board jacks. A hydraulic gripper and jack system can them be used on the rails to inch-worm the ship along the rail tracks. Instead of gripping on a wide flanged beam, the hydraulic clamp actually grips on a standard train rail, so that off-the-shelf commercially produced rail and track can be employed.
When contemplating moving massive structures, it is prudent to think through the moving method before the civil engineering is done so that accommodations can be made to design the site to best accommodate the function. A number of innovative hydraulic solutions are possible, when faced with this daunting task.
Jeff Spira is a mechanical engineering consultant and runs Spira Engineering specializing not only in design and engineering, but also in tooling, design, process design and quality system consulting. He has been acted as project engineer for a number of hydraulic systems used to move massive structures.
Posted at 10:03AM Feb 09, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Stainless Steel Chimney Liner
You still aren't over the shock of the esitimate your chimney sweep left you for what he says is needed to use your chimney safely. He told you that you need to install a stainless steel chimney liner in your existing masonry chimney. You have no idea what a stainless steel chimney liner is. Most of all you have no idea why the sweep wants so much money to do the job.
Chimney Liner Metal Alloys
You found your way to this site, so you must be interested in doing the job yourself. So lets discuss some options you have and the types of stainless steel chimney liner that are out there.
First thing you should be aware of is that most manufacturers won't honor a warranty for a stainless steell chimney pipe installation if a non professional does the work. However, Royal Chimney Supply, the manufacturer of Flex King chimney liners will honor the warranty if you do the job yourself.
You can choose to use either a rigid stainless steel chimney liner or flexible pipe. Flexible pipe should be used if your chimney is less than perfectly straight with no joggs or offsets. If you have a nice straight chimney you most definately should use rigid chimney pipe.
Compare Chimney Liner Brands
Rigid stainless steel chimney liner is the best product available to line a chimney. It's thick, and cleans the best. It's the most durable and will never rip if you clean it agressively. Light flexible chimney liners need to be cleaned with a type of plastic chimney brush because they are so thin.
There are different types of thicker more durable flexible liners available. Flex King Pro is a double wall, smooth interior liner. It cleans much better than standard Flex King liners and is more durable.
Heavy Flexible liners are very thick and durable. The only problem with them is that they are very heavy. A homeowner may have some trouble when installing a heavy flex stainless steel chimney liner.
More info about Stainless Steel Chimney Liner
If you are going to purchase a light flex stainless steel chimney liner you should buy one that is made from 316TI stainless steel. A lot of lesser quality liners are made from 316L. The TI stands for titanium. The addition of titanium gives the liner the ability to withstand less than perfect chimney conditions
Should I insulate my liner?
You should definately insulate your liner if you have the room. Why? With a wood or coal stove you will lose a lot of heat up the chimney. When hot flue temperatures meet with cold temperatures it will create condensation. When flue gases meet with condensation the result is creosote. By reducing the formation of creosote you will lengthen the life of your chimney liner. Keeping your chimney liner warm will also keep the draft consistent and will improve the performance of your stove.
What is a Rigid Chimney Liner?
Most rigid chimney liner sections are made of nonmagnetic, series 304 or series 316 seamless pipe. Unlike the flexible stainless steel liner, rigid pipe comes in sections and is usually round in shape and one to four feet long and five to ten inches or more in diameter. The most common wall thickness is 24-guage (0.024 in.) or 22-guage (0.029 in.) stainless steel.
The seam running down the length of each liner sections is factory sealed. Individual liner sections are joined together with the crimped, male end facing down. Stainless steel pop rivets and stainless steel screws secure the joints.
Pop rivets are recommended by most manufacturers since screws may work themselves loose from the expansion and contraction of the liner. Usually rigid relining jobs are supported at the bottom of the chimney or at the thimble area.
Stainless steel tee sections are used at the thimble and clean out areas. Rigid stainless steel liners can expand several inches during heating. To accommodate for this expansion the liner moves up and down in a sleeve at the top of the chimney.
A storm collar over the sleeve prevents moisture from entering the chimney along the outside of the liner. The area around the sleeve at the top of the chimney is sealed with either a stainless steel plate or a concrete pad.
The opposite of rigid chimney liner, flexible chimney liner
The use of rain caps are recommended for use on chimneys with stainless steel liners. It can be very important to have the most efficient venting possible.
A smooth walled rigid liner offers the most efficient venting due to the decreased turbulence. You can shape it to take full advantage of every cubic inch and offer maximum draft. It can be shaped into rectangular, square or oval.
Stainless steel resists corrosion, maintains it's strength at high temperatures and is easily maintained. For these reasons, it is used widely in items such as automotives, home and food processing products, as well as medical and health equipment. The most common types are: 304; 316; 316Ti; 316L; 29-4C.
316TI Stainless Steel
316TI is a stainless steel alloy with a small amount of titanium added. It's make-up allows it to resist acids and the stresses of hot and cold cycles. It can be used with solid fuels (wood, coal and pellet), gas and oil. It can withstand temperatures up to 2100 degrees.
316L Stainless Steel
316L chimney liner metal is commonly found in some thicker flexible chimney liners as well as in rigid chimney liners. The titanium is left out because of the added thickness of liners made from 316L stainless steel. 316L stainless steel is acceptable for use with coal, wood, gas or oil systems.
304L Stainless Steel
304L is best for chimneys venting a wood burning appliance. This alloy is commonly found in rigid chimney liner.
The most commonly specified austenitic (chromium-nickel-stainless class), it accounts for more than half of the stainless steel produced in the world. This grade withstands ordinary corrosion in architecture, is durable in typical food processing environments and resists most chemicals.
Al 29-4C Stainless Steel
This chimney liner metal alloy is used most often when relining a masonry chimney or clay lined chimney that will vent a modern high efficiency gas or oil furnace.
It is an alloy of stainless steel pipe that is highly resistant to corrosion. It is used for relining flues where flue gases may contain highly corrosive elements. Being that most of the heat generated by such a high efficiency appliance goes into the home, the flue gas temperatures tend to be relatively low.
Low flue gas temperature keeps moisture in the flue gases from evaporating and being eliminated up the flue. The combination of moisture in the flue gas along with other chemicals that may be inducted into the flue from the surrounding environment, such as those from chemical cleaners and laundry supplies, can contribute to a very corrosive flue gas composition.AL29-4C is made to resist such corrosive environments over a long period of time.
Posted at 10:02AM Feb 09, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
What's On Earth Is An R4 Well Today
You the Reader of this article are probably sat there think what on earth is an R4 well today is your lucky day because Im going to tell you.
The R4 is an amazing invention for your Nintendo Ds or Ds lite and now theyve even created an R4i for the brand new Dsi. The R4 allows you to play on any game you want all you need to do is download the game Rom that you wish to play and the upload it onto your R4. Its that simple.
If you dont know how to do that here are some simple steps on how to.
Step 1: Download the Rom and then save it to you desktop or wherever you want is on your P.C.
Step 2: Insert your USB adapter with your memory stick/card into the USB port on your P.C.
Step 3: now open the R4 FOLDER TO SEE THE CONTENTS
Step 4: Unzip your Rom file then drag the filename with *.nds into your sd card
Step 5: remobe the memory card and insert it into your R4 Card
Step 6: put the R4 into your DS and switch it on
Step 7: Begin playing your new games
The DS and the DS lite run on the same processor. On the DS lite, when you choose which screen to play the GBA games on, it shows a DS, not a lite. The DSi was completely redesigned, with options to download games online.
Even though the DS family was a big success, and gamers would keep buying games, there were some people that thought games should be free. The R4 is a DS game card that is not licensed by Nintendo. You can download the Nintendo DS ROMs (Read-Only Memory) off the internet and put them onto the by memory R4 cards. The Action Replay device is also a DS game card that is not licensed by Nintendo. It has the ability to make games opertate in a stange manner, giving more items, invincibility and so on to the gamer. The user would just have to enter a special code into the Action Replay.
The original DS had the power button above the + pad. The DS lite had its power button put on the side, so the gamer wouldnt accidentally turn the game off while playing. But the DSi had its power button put under the + pad, so that idea didnt last very long. The DSi got bigger screens than the original and the lite. The 3? screens were made to 3.25? screens.
Nintendo said that the DSs Touch Screen was the DSs sense of touch, the speakers the mouth, and the mic the ears. Nintendo thought that the DS should also have a sense of sight, so they put the cameras on it.
Posted at 10:02AM Feb 09, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
Make Sure You Have A Good Flange
Standard flanges of large diameter is not necessarily mate. Andrew Sloley offers a look at Plant Insites column this month.
The system was adding a three-stage vacuum ejector for steam. We would like to discuss with us from time to time by representatives of local suppliers to ensure that the instruction schedule. Everything was expected, as stated in all devices of the system in the near future to supply export and transit to the factory to complete.
Shortly before the ship date, EPR has asked me to ask me for lunch and it was unusual for him. Apparently he wanted something, but I do not know what. My boss told me, less cynical and simply enjoy a good meal. The breakfast was wonderful and went well.
Then, the EPR has gradually come to see me with a statement about a small problem with the equipment of the vacuum system. The purpose of this meal was finally free in nature.
The steam system were three stages of capacitors after each step. Capacitor reduce the load for the next phase of the condensation of the steam engine, steam from the process and the process may be condensed. The first stage is designed with ejector directly related to the first capacitor. Three parallel lines are combined into a single seal drum (also called).
We wanted at least one complete set of soaring in the shop of the seller prior to shipment. This required manufacturers to take delivery of heat and do the installation. The soaring preferred suppliers for each component suppliers to deliver directly to our site. However, she said: Just humor us for at least one laboratory in the file. In the end, we have concluded an agreement to take a train track.
The problem occurred at the meeting. The 30-in. Flange output capacitor of the first phase of mate with 30-in. Intake flange of the condenser. Have been ordered Rush to take the respective flanges and repairs.
The incident took place well before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was launched in 1980, official efforts to develop a single flange for pipe diameters 26 inches and above. Until then, two different models of the flange were common: the standardization of civil manufacturers (MSS) sector of the valve, and the American Petroleum Institute (API).
The MSS-44-Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges radically different from the API-605 standard for large diameter steel flanges carbon.
Figure 1 contrasts with the size and layout key for the category 150 of sealing films. Obviously inappropriate. The manufacturer of ejection had used a type of flange and heat had another supplier may be used.
ASME was looking for a single design of the nominal diameter of the tube, 26 inches. 48-in. Brides. Let MSS or API, or both, should be changed to create the model. Neither move would be. So far we have ASME / ANSI standard has two parts. ASME B16.47 Series A offers a the amount of MSS flanges and a series of B corresponding to the flanges API. For class 150 and class 300 (all sizes) and 36-inch and smaller classes, higher than Class 300 Series A and Series B flanges are not compatible.
Thus, while our problem is occurring before the ASME was a single standard does not eliminate the problem. Isolated mismatches continue to provide accurate information, lack of awareness of the Series A or B. Only a few engineers that two possible types of large-diameter flanges are available. If you have a large flange diameter, check what you need to make sure that what you get.
Posted at 10:13AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Flange |
Process Puzzler: Soothe A Skittish Supervisor
THIS MONTHS PUZZLER
We use a carbon-steel spiral-tube heat exchanger as a condenser in our spray tower. Operating conditions normally are 100 psig at about 150°F. Treated chilled water at 45°F runs in the tube side. The shell side handles metal chlorides, e.g., FeCl2, VCl4 and TiCl4. These chlorides condense to form liquids and evaporate to form gases Stainless steel pipe. Severe corrosion from chlorine and erosion was the reason why the spiral heat exchanger was chosen over a shell- and-tube one. The chlorine is usually dry but, occasionally, spikes of water upstream of the exchangers cause corrosion. One of our engineers is pushing the idea of cladding Type 304L stainless steel with a high nickel alloy. Coupon tests suggest this will improve service life. One concern is how bending the tube will affect cladding. How can we assure our nervous operations manager that this cladding will work? Do you have any other ideas? Keep in mind replacing the heat exchangers with another style will require a major change in piping around the units.
REPLACE THE EXCHANGER
Try looking at a hybrid heat exchanger that incorporates the strengths of both plate-and-frame and shell-and-tube exchangers without their weaknesses. It is a good compromise between cost and performance. My experience is only as a happy customer of an exchanger manufactured in France. Its design tends to provide the best lifecycle cost choice for our circumstances.
LOOK AT TANTALUM LINING
I think that you have not considered all of the options available. Cladding is a risky option. Maybe replacing the tubing with duplex steel would be a better option. Another idea would be to seek a consultant. There is a manufacturer in Germany that makes tantalined equipment for the fabrication of spiral exchangers with lined carbon steel pipe. This last item might be your best choice.
WATCH THERMAL EXPANSION
We have used nickel-plated copper seamless pipe tubing for similar heat-transfer applications. The plating can be applied after the tubing is bent, but youll need to be careful about the amount of expansion you get from temperature variation.
CONDUCT THOROUGH TESTING
Some years ago an engineer at our plant in Grimsby, U.K., looked at tantalum cladding for our chlorinators. These are large brick-lined reactors. Inside, chlorine comes in contact with carbon monoxide from burning coke; the chlorine reacts with ore to chlorinate it, producing titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4. Trace water and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in recycled chlorine is a continual problem. Unfortunately, the brick and carbon steel shell of the chlorinators is quickly attacked at the moisture penetration zone where the water and HCl condense. These chlorinators are water-cooled by falling-film heat transfer, making it difficult to detect a breakthrough of the shell. Such a breakthrough posed a significant environmental risk.
The engineer thought tantalum, the only material not susceptible to attack by wet chlorides, would work. He was looking into coupons to test in the next chlorinator turnaround. These coupons included welds and other features.
With the heat exchangers, the combination of welds and bends offer a challenge for coupons. I suggest installing a coupon that includes welds and a distressed plate, not unlike the forming process for an elbow. Test in a large vessel, if possible, to avoid affecting the chlorination process. If the coupon survives, your cladding idea may succeed. The next test involves checking the manufacturing process. A very good test for identifying cracks in metal tubes is an acid dye-penetration test. Its a destructive test that will reveal voids in the interstitial areas between crystals in nickel alloys and similar metals that ultrasonic means wont identify. Use this method to validate the manufacturing process.
It would be really easy to grow shy about this application. When we considered cladding of our heating coils, which operated at about 1,000°C, we opted out. We felt that it was too risky and chose to go with high nickel alloy coils instead.
MARCHS PUZZLER
Management wants to boost production from our batch polymer process by changing the operating procedure. Now, a portion of the acrylic monomer goes in with the bulk of the solvent and other ingredients. Then, monomer is slowly added until the reactor level rises to about 55%. Instead, management wants to increase the maximum level to about 65% and raise the final concentration of the polymer about 2%. The reaction is very exothermic; a chilled-water baffled jacket provides cooling Stainless steel. At the top of the reactor a horizontal shell-and-tube condenser that uses cooling tower water captures evaporated solvent. Agitation consists of a single axial impeller and the tank has reduced baffles to account for viscosity above 5,000 cP. To meet the production goal, its been proposed that we add all of the monomer at once; bench-scale tests have shown that this could work but our current approach seems safer. Management likes the plan and wants to put into practice immediately. Our production engineer is a little nervous should he be concerned? How should we approach this problem? Are any process changes necessary? What do you think?
And, of course, if you have a process problem youd like to pose to our readers, send it along and well be pleased to consider it for publication.
Posted at 10:12AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in Stainless steel pipe |
R4 Ds Complete Guide
Set up the R4 so that it works on your ds.
Required Materials
R4DS package
A computer (Mac or Pc doesnt really matter)
A micro SD
DS or DS lite
Part 1: Setting up Your R4DS
Put the micro SD into the USB-micro SD adapter and plug it into your computer. Then you download the required stuff from the R4DS website (it use to be on a cd but now its on the website) You can make all the new file hidden so it you dont see it in your DS After that you can either download a starter pack which will have most of the stuff you need or you can just find everything yourself. If you dont download a starter pack the first thing you should do is to make 3 folder in the r4ds name them Games Multimedia and homebrew. In the Multimedia folder you should make 3 folders music videos and pictures. That is about it for set-up.
Part 2: Putting Stuff onto Your R4
You can look for themes and download them from the Internet. After you do that you just replace the theme that is already in the computer. For music you just put the mp3 into your folder and it will work. For videos you have to download a program called Super and change the video format to dpg. Then you just put it in the R4 Cards and it should work. Games I would use homebrews because its legal unless you already have the game and you just want a backup in case you break the game.
Part 3: Turning on the R4
Place it in the DS and turn it on. If the DS doesnt recognize the R4 there could be 2 problems. It could be you got a fake copy or most likely that the receptors on the R4 are not touching the receptor in the DS. To solve the problem you could just insert a piece of paper with your DS so that the receptors touch or you could take apart the R4 with a tiny screw and add a piece of paper between the chip and the plastic. When you open the R4 you will see a screen with 3 figures Games Multimedia and slot 2 (which is the GBA slot). When you click on Games it will allow you to play games. If you click on the multimedia circle then you can listen to music or watch video.
Recommended Stuff to Put on Your R4
Bible.nds Great program if youre a Christian
DSReader Read book and faqs for you games
IpodDS Looks cool and plays music
Comicbook R4 DS Great if you read comics
Svsip Great to prank call people or just to call people
These are what I mainly use however there are many more all you got to do is look around.
Posted at 10:12AM Feb 08, 2010 Read More... by Rebecca in R4 |
